Minggu, 18 Januari 2009


C++ Programming Language
C++What is C ?C is an imperative (procedural) systems implementation language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time support. C was therefore useful for many applications that had formerly been coded in assembly language.Why is C popular?In computing, C is a general-purpose computer programming language originally developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.Although C was designed for implementing system software, it is also widely used for developing application software.It is widely used on many different software platforms and computer architectures, and several popular C compilers exist. C has greatly influenced many other popular programming languages, most notably C++, which originally began as an extension to C.Areas of UseC++ is used to develop applications in a number of different areas. Some of them are listed below:* Commerce* Education* Marketing and Sales* etcHistoryThe initial development of C occurred at AT&T Bell Labs between 1969 and 1973; according to Ritchie, the most creative period occurred in 1972. It was named "C" because many of its features were derived from an earlier language called "B", which according to Ken Thompson was a stripped-down version of the BCPL programming language.The origin of C is closely tied to the development of the Unix operating system, originally implemented in assembly language on a PDP-7 by Ritchie and Thompson, incorporating several ideas from colleagues. Eventually they decided to port the operating system to a PDP-11. B's lack of functionality to take advantage of some of the PDP-11's features, notably byte addressability, led to the development of an early version of the C programming language.The original PDP-11 version of the Unix system was developed in assembly language. By 1973, with the addition of struct types, the C language had become powerful enough that most of the Unix kernel was rewritten in C. This was one of the first operating system kernels implemented in a language other than assembly. (Earlier instances include the Multics system (written in PL/I), and MCP (Master Control Program) for the Burroughs B5000 written in ALGOL in 1961.)The Advantages-Compiled language - always runs fast.-Standardized language (ANSI)- easier to port to different compilers / target devices.-Many compilers available.-Many in built functions (depending on compiler).-Very popular – large user base with many example programs.-Used in many different industries.-Usable at the hardware level as well as higher abstraction levels (although C++ is better for very abstracted programming models).The Disadvantages-Hard to learn at first.-Strong type checking means you spend time pleasing the compiler (although this protects you from making errors).The Syntaxlong int SomeFunction();/* int OtherFunction(); *//* int */ CallingFunction(){long int test1;register /* int */ test2;test1 = SomeFunction();if (test1 > 0)test2 = 0;elsetest2 = OtherFunction();return test2;}

Java & JavaFX
Java & JavaFX
Right now, the Java platform has attracted more than 6.5 million software developers. It's used in every major industry segment and has a presence in a wide range of devices, computers, and networks.
Java technology's versatility, efficiency, platform portability, and security make it the ideal technology for network computing. From laptops to datacenters, game consoles to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet, Java is everywhere!
Java powers more than 4.5 billion devices including:
800+ million PCs
2.1 billion mobile phones and other handheld devices (source: Ovum)
3.5 billion smart cards
Set-top boxes, printers, Web cams, games, car navigation systems, lottery terminals, medical devices, parking payment stations, and more.
To see places of Java in Action in your daily life, explore java.com.
Why Software Developers Choose Java
Java has been tested, refined, extended, and proven by a dedicated community. And numbering more than 6.5 million developers, it's the largest and most active on the planet. With its versatilty, efficiency, and portability, Java has become invaluable to developers by enabling them to:
Write software on one platform and run it on virtually any other platform
Create programs to run within a Web browser and Web services
Develop server-side applications for online forums, stores, polls, HTML forms processing, and more
Combine applications or services using the Java language to create highly customized applications or services
Write powerful and efficient applications for mobile phones, remote processors, low-cost consumer products, and practically any other device with a digital heartbeat
Some Ways Software Developers Learn Java
Today, many colleges and universities offer courses in programming for the Java platform. In addition, developers can also enhance their Java programming skills by reading Sun's java.sun.com Web site, subscribing to Java technology-focused newsletters, using the Java Tutorial and the New to Java Programming Center, and signing up for Web, virtual, or instructor-led courses.

What Is JavaFX
JavaFX extends your web experience by delivering rich media and content across all the screens of your life. As users, you will be able to run JavaFX applications in a browser or drag and drop them onto the desktop. It's a seamless interface!
JavaFX is powered by Java: JavaFX extends the power of Java by allowing developers to use any Java library within JavaFX applications. This way developers can expand their capabilities in Java and make use of the revolutionary presentation technology that JavaFX provides to build engaging visual experiences.
Highlights of JavaFX:
Allows users to view JavaFX applications in a browser or break free of the browser by dragging and dropping the same application onto the desktop
Enables an efficient designer-to-developer workflow with Project Nile: designers can work in their tools of choice while collaborating with Web scripters who use the NetBeans IDE with JavaFX
Extends Java technology by enabling use of any Java library within a JavaFX application
Allows developers to integrate vector graphics, animation, audio, and video Web assets into a rich, interactive, immersive application
To learn more about JavaFX technology, visit javafx.com or java.sun.com/javafx web sites for more information.

HTML
What is HTMLHyperText Markup Language (HTML) is a language to specify the structure of documents for retrieval across the Internet using browser programs of the World Wide WebHTML is an application of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) which is the International Standard (ISO 8879) for text markup. The principle is that text markup concentrates on structure rather than appearance, making the files more reuseable and leaving the visual details to the end-user software (like the browser you're reading this with now). For the reasons why, see Eliot Kimber's comments.Details of the specification are in the IETF Draft and the HTML Document Type Description. There is a FAQ (Frequently-Asked Questions) document (also available by anonymous ftp from rtfm.mit.edu), and a new book on HTML and the WorldWideWeb out shortly.Simon Spero (ses@tipper.oit.unc.edu) explained it as:The HTML DTD with its very simple element structure is primarily intended for describing the structural elements that appear on hypertext pages. Not the structure of the documents that comprise those pages (it's too vanilla for that), but the pages themselves. Not the layout of the pages, but the structure.In a hypertext browsing system, the page is the basic object into which elements are placed, and which is common to all documents across all display technologies. Much of the structure of a document might be implicitly expressed via links between pages.In order for a page to be displayed and browsed through correctly on a variety of systems - one of the primary design goals for the web - the layout of a page must be described in a sufficiently abstract way as to make sense on a VT100, a NeXT, or an X workstation. This rule was broken somewhat by the tag, introduced by NCSA for their Xmosaic browser, but is otherwise generally intact. Attributes like centering are only really suitable for bitmapped displays with variable spacing. To allow portable display it is much better to indicate the visual role to be played by the attribute (the reason why you wanted it centered), and allow the display engine to decide how that text should be rendered.The Universal Resource LocatorThe Universal Resource Locator (URL) is the `address' of a resource in the Web. It could be a file, or an index, or some program that does processing: they all use the same format to refer to them by:scheme://host[:port]/path/filename{#location?indexterm}Examplesftp://www.ucc.ie/pub/sgml/p2sg.pshttp://www.ucc.ie/cgi-bin/acronym?urlgopher://ds.internic.net/* wherescheme is one of http, ftp, gopher, wais or file, depending on the kind of service you want to access* [square brackets] mean the :port is optional (the default port is the one for the scheme being used, so leave it out unless told otherwise)* host is the Internet hostname of the machine where the server runs which provides the resource you are looking for, eg www.ucc.ie* path is the directory path to the resource* filename.type is the filename (including the filetype, if needed)* location is the identity of a known location in a .html file being retrieved (egname attribute to an anchor element you know it has already been marked in the file by the author using the* indexterm is a search term or argument to pass to the resource. This is only meaningful if you know the resource is a script or a program which can handle data inputThere are two exceptions to this format, for Usenet news and for Telnet.TelnetThe double slash between the scheme and the hostname is omitted. An optional UserID can be included before the hostname, separated by a colon and an `at' sign, to cause the browser to prompt the user to login with this UserID. There is no path, filename, location or indexterm, eg:telnet://library:@iruccvax.ucc.ieUsenet newsThe double slash between the scheme and the hostname is omitted, and the hostname is also omitted, as it will default to whatever your browser's configuration points at, so the newsgroup name follows immediately after the scheme. It is possible to follow the newsgroup name with a hash mark and location, the value of the location being the news article ID, but this is not recommended, as most sites expire articles after a certain time, so the chances of an article persisting are very remote:news:comp.infosystems.www.usersThe Advantages :-to build a content from website,weblogsite(BLOG)-the logic element tag in HTML is as not difficult as C++, JAVA, C, Pascal, Delphi, etcThe Disadvantages :-it was difficult in writing of this program-need more spaces of memoryThe Syntax/* html open *//*tag open body *//* tag ol open */1. vegetables/* content of list */2. milk3. fruits/* tag ol close *//* tag body close *//*html close */


Pascal
Pascal Programming LanguagePascal is an influential imperative and procedural programming language, designed in 1968/9 and published in 1970 by Niklaus Wirth as a small and efficient language intended to encourage good programming practices using structured programming and data structuring.HistoryPascal is based on the ALGOL programming language and named in honor of the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal. Wirth subsequently developed the Modula-2 and Oberon, languages similar to Pascal. Before, and leading up to Pascal, Wirth developed the language Euler, followed by Algol-W.Initially, Pascal was largely, but not exclusively, intended to teach students structured programming. Generations of students have "cut their teeth" on Pascal as an introductory language in undergraduate courses. Variants of Pascal have also frequently been used for everything from research projects to PC games and embedded systems. Newer Pascal compilers exist which are widely used.Pascal was the primary high-level language used for development in the Apple Lisa, and in the early years of the Mac; parts of the original Macintosh operating system were hand-translated into Motorola 68000 assembly language from the Pascal sources. The popular typesetting system TeX by Donald E. Knuth was written in WEB, the original literate programming system, based on DEC PDP-10 Pascal, while an application like Total Commander was written in Delphi (i.e. Object Pascal).Areas of use Pascal is used to develop applications in a number of different areas. Some of them are listed below:* Accounting* Business* Commerce* Education* Law* Medicine* Research* ScienceThe Advantages-Debugging is easier. If the procedure is well written, it will do one and only one thing, making it easier to check-Lower maintenance cost. If you have the same code spread along your code, you have to remember where it is located and fix or at least cut and paste it several times-You can reuse the code. For example, you may place your procedures in a library and later use it in another program.-Greater understanding. Since the procedure is well defined and documented, someone interested won't have to scroll through the whole source in order to find the code he/she wants-Easier tuning. Performance usually comes from changing small pieces of code. With procedures these pieces are naturally separated and side-effects from changing variables or code are less likely to happen.The Disadvantages-Not as popular as C – so not as many compilers.-A bit wordy – it was originally intended as a teaching language.-Not as flexible as C.The Syntaxwhile a <> b do writeln('Waiting');if a > b then writeln('Condition met')else writeln('Condition not met');for i := 1 to 10 do writeln('Iteration: ', i:1);repeata := a + 1until a = 10;case i of0: write('zero');1: write('one');2: write('two')end;
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Microsoft Visual Basic
Visual Basic What is Visual Basic?Visual Basic is a "visual programming" environment for developing Windows (also Web now) applications. Visual Basic makes it possible to develop complicated applications very quickly. The programmer designs windows graphically, drags program elements from the Visual Basic Toolbox and writes basic code for each element. Visual Basic is "event-driven" which means that procedures are called automatically when the end user chooses menu items, clicks the mouse, moves objects on the screen, etc.Why is Visual Basic popular?Programmers have undergone a major change in many years of programming various machines. For example, what could take days to create an application in other programming languages like C, C++ could be done in hours with Visual Basic. Visual Basic provides many interesting sets of tools to aid us in building exciting applications. Visual Basic provides these tools to make our life far more easier because all the real hard code is already written for us.Visual Basic is not only a programming language but also a true graphical development environment. This environment allows programmers with little programming experience to quickly develop powerful Windows applications. Visual Basic also has the ability to develop programs that can be used as a front-end application to a database system, serving as the user interface which collects user input and displays formatted output in a more appealing and useful form.Visual Basic is very popular for the ease with which it allows the programmer to create nice looking graphical programs with less coding unlike many other languages that take thousands of lines of programmer keyed code. As the programmer works in the graphical environment much of the program code is automatically generated by the Visual Basic program.Areas of UseUsing Visual Basic's tools we can quickly translate an abstract idea into a program design that we can actually see on the screen. VB encourages you to experiment, revise, correct, and network your design until the new project meets your requirements. However, most of all, it inspires your imagination and creativity. Visual Basic is ideal for developing applications that run on the Windows operating system. Developing applications with VB can be said to be a 3-step approach:i) Design the appearance of applicationii) Assign property settings to the objects of the programiii) Write the code to direct specific tasks at runtimeVisual Basic is used to develop applications in a number of different areas. Some of them are listed below:* Accounting* Business* Commerce* Consulting* Education* Law* Marketing and Sales* Medicine* Research* ScienceMany of the things that we do with Visual Basic really aren’t very basic. The Visual Basic language is powerful, if you can imagine a programming task, it can be accomplished using Visual Basic.History of Visual BasicMicrosoft first released Visual Basic in 1987. It was the first visual development tool from Microsoft, and it was to compete with C, C++, Pascal and other well-known programming languages. From the start, Visual Basic wasn't a hit. It wasn't until release 2.0 that people really discovered the potential of the language, and with release 3.0 it had become the fastest-growing programming language on the market.Below is the order and the approximate year in which a new version of Visual Basic was released:* 1991, VB1 Debuts* 1992, VB2 Debuts* 1993, VB3 Debut* 1996, VB4 Debuts* 1997, VB5 Debuts* 1998, VB6 Debuts* 2001, VB. NET Debutsfor syntax example:LoopsFor LoopThe For loop is the most popular loop. For loops enable us to execute a series of expressions multiple numbers of times. The For loop in VB .NET needs a loop index which counts the number of loop iterations as the loop executes. The syntax for the For loop looks like this:For index=start to end[Step step][statements][Exit For][statements]Next[index]The index variable is set to start automatically when the loop starts. Each time in the loop, index is incremented by step and when index equals end, the loop ends.Example on For loopModule Module1Sub Main()Dim d As IntegerFor d = 0 To 2System.Console.WriteLine("In the For Loop")Next dEnd SubEnd Module While loopWhile loop keeps executing until the condition against which it tests remain true. The syntax of while loop looks like this:While condition[statements]End WhileExample on While loopModule Module1Sub Main()Dim d, e As Integerd = 0e = 6While e > 4e -= 1d += 1End WhileSystem.Console.WriteLine("The Loop ran " & e & "times")End SubEnd ModuleThe image below displays output from above code.Do LoopThe Do loop can be used to execute a fixed block of statements indefinite number of times. The Do loop keeps executing it's statements while or until the condition is true. Two keywords, while and until can be used with the do loop. The Do loop also supports an Exit Do statement which makes the loop to exit at any moment. The syntax of Do loop looks like this:Do[{while Until} condition][statements][Exit Do][statements]LoopExample on Do loopModule Module1Sub Main()Dim str As StringDo Until str = "Cool"System.Console.WriteLine("What to do?")str = System.Console.ReadLine()LoopEnd SubEnd ModuleDo LoopThe Do loop can be used to execute a fixed block of statements indefinite number of times. The Do loop keeps executing it's statements while or until the condition is true. Two keywords, while and until can be used with the do loop. The Do loop also supports an Exit Do statement which makes the loop to exit at any moment. The syntax of Do loop looks like this:Do[{while Until} condition][statements][Exit Do][statements]LoopExample on Do loopModule Module1Sub Main()Dim str As StringDo Until str = "Cool"System.Console.WriteLine("What to do?")str = System.Console.ReadLine()LoopEnd Sub

Rabu, 07 Januari 2009

Pengertian DBMS

Pengertian DBMS

Disingkat dengan DBMS. DBMS adalah Sistem pengorganisasian dan pengolahan data base pada komputer. Sistem ini dirancang untuk mampu melakukan berbagai data dengan beberapa referensi data yang sama. DBMS ini mampu diakses oleh berbagai aplikasi.
Terobosan dari DBMS adalah Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) yang mengorganisasikan data dalam suatu struktur dan memaksimalkan berbagai cara serta menghubungkan antar kumpulan data yang disimpan dalam database.
Terobosan berikutnya adalah Distributed Relational Database Management System (DRDBMS). Dengan DRDBMS memungkinkan informasi berada pada baris data di lokasi yang berbeda (didistribusikan), dan direferensisilangkan, diperbaharui, dan akses dari semua lokasi, seolah-olah data tersebut berbasis data tunggal dan terpusat.
Basis data. Representasi kumpulan
fakta yang saling berhubungan disimpan secara bersama sedemikian rupa dan tanpa pengulangan (redudansi)yang tidak perlu, untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan.
Data perlu disimpan dalam basis data untuk keperluan penyediaan informasi lebih lanjut. Data di dalam basis data perlu diorganisasikan sedemikian rupa, supaya informasi yang dihasilkan berkualitas. Organisasi basis data yang baik juga berguna untuk efisiensi kapasitas penyimpanannya.
Dalam maksud yang sama, bisa juga diartikan sebagai sekumpulan informasi yang disusun sedemikian rupa untuk dapat
diakses oleh sebuah software tertentu. Database tersusun atas bagian yang disebut field dan record yang tersimpan dalam sebuah file. Sebuah field merupakan kesatuan terkecil dari informasi dalam sebuah database. Sekumpulan field yang saling berkaitan akan membentuk record.
DBMS merupakan software yang digunakan untuk membangun suatu sistem basis data yang “sempurna”. DBMS harus dapat mengatur basis data tersebut sehingga dapat tersimpan dengan baik tanpa menimbulkan kekacauan, dapat dipakai oleh banyak user sesuai dengan kepentingan masing-masing, melindungi dari gangguan pihak-pihak yang tidak berwenang.
Banyak program basis data yang sudah sering kita gunakan, misalnya : FoxPro, Clipper, Access, dan dBASE. Itu merupakan contoh dari DBMS yang digunakan pada PC dalam skala yang relatif kecil. Dalam skala yang lebih besar, dikenal beberapa DBMS yang sering digunkan, antara lain : Sybase, DB2, Informix, Oracle, dan lain-lain.
• Perkembangan Oracle

Oracle adalah DBMS hasil produksi dari Oracle Corporation yang berpusat di USA, yang sekaligus berperan sebagai vendor yang mengkhususkan diri pada produk-produk DBMS untuk berbagai jenis komputer dan mendukung system operasi dari berbagai vendor. Mulai dari PC yang berbasis Windows atau Linux sampai dengan komputer mainframe baik yang IBM compatible maupun yang berasal dari vendor lain seperti SUN Microsystems, Hewlett Packard, dan lain-lain. Sifat kompatibilitas dengan berbagai platform itulah yang membuat Oracle menjadi salah satu DBMS yang banyak digunakan dewasa ini.Oracle pertama kali diproduksi sekitar tahun 1984 dan terus mengalami perkembangan sampai sekarang ini. Oracle yang kita pelajari saat ini adalah versi9i dan kita hanya belajar Oracle yang berbasis Microsoft Windows.
1. Installasi Oracle Database.
Pada saat kita melakukan installasi, kita akan diminta untuk memilih jenis basis data awal yang akan kita buat pada saat installasi, pilihannya adalah General Purpose, Transaction Processing, dan Data Warehousing. Jika tidak ingin membuat basis data pada saat installasi, kita bisa memilih Software Only, dimana hanya akan diinstall Oracle Database-nya tanpa ada basis data satu pun di dalamnya. Pembuatan basis data bisa dilakukan setelah proses installasi selesai menggunakan Database Configuration Wizard.
Setelah proses installasi selesai, kita harus mengkonfigurasi suatu servis yang disebut dengan listener menggunakan tool Net Configuration Asistant. Listener digunakan untuk mendeteksi koneksi Oracle Client pada server database tersebut. Konfigurasi yang dilakukan meliputi 2 hal, yaitu : protocol apa yang digunakan dalam jaringan yang kita pakai dan port mana yang akan digunakan untuk koneksi client-server (defaultnya adalah 1521). Jika dalam jaringan kita menggunakan lebih dari satu protokol, maka akan terdapat 1 listener untuk 1 protokol. Jika ada beberapa listener dalam suatu Oracle Database maka kita akan diminta untuk mengaktifkan salah satu listener yang sesuai.
2. Installasi Oracle Client.
Pada installasi Oracle Client akan ditanya tool-tool apa saja yang akan ikutkan dalam installasi tersebut selain tools miliknya client. Tool-tool tersebut bisa kita gunakan untuk melalukan hal-hal yang berbau administratif walaupun kita jalankan dari client.
Setelah installasi selesai, kita harus mengkonfigurasi suatu servis yang akan digunakan untuk koneksi ke Oracle Database menggunakan Net Service Name, servis tersebut adalah Net Service Name. Konfigurasi Net Service Name meliputi :
- Identitas komputer yang sudah terinstall Oracle Database di mana database yang akan diakses berada berikut dengan port yang digunakan oleh listener aktif. Identitas komputer bisa diketahui dari IP address-nya (jika kita menggunakan protocol TCP/IP) atau dari Computer Name-nya.- Database yang akan kita akses, diketahui dari nama database-nya (dalam Net Configuration Assistant dinamakan Sevice Name).Dalam melakukan koneksi ke database, user Oracle menggunakan SQL Plus. User akan ditanya username, password, dan host string. Host string diisi dengan Net Service Name yang sudah dikonfigurasi sehingga bisa terkoneksi dengan database yang diinginkan.
• Tipe-tipe user dalam OracleOracle membagi user menurut jenis dan tanggung jawab yang harus diembannya dalam menangani suatu database. Tipe-tipe user Oracle adalah sebagai berikut :1. Database AdministratorSuatu database butuh paling tidak satu DBA (Database Admnistrator) untuk melakukan administrasi pada database yang bersangkutan. Karena database Oracle bisa menangani data yang besar dan bisa mempunyai banyak user, sering kali administrator databasenya lebih dari satu orang, dan mereka bisa berbagi tanggung jawab. Tanggung jawab administrator antaralain :
- Install dan upgrade server database dan aplikasinya.- Meng-alokasikan sistem penyimpanan dan merencanakan kebutuhan akan media penyimpan untuk masa mendatang.- Modifikasi struktur database jika perlu, berdasarkan informasi yang diberikan oleh application developer.- Mendefinisikan user sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.- Mengontrol dan memonitor akses user ke database.- Memonitor dan meng-optimisasi performance dari database.- Merencanakan dam melakukan backup dan recovery.

2. Security OfficersSeorang Security Officer mempunyai tugas untuk mengontrol dan memonitor akses user ke database ditinjau dari sisi keamanan baik dari databasenya ataupun dari systemnya.
3. Network AdministratorNetwork Administrator melakukan administrasi tool-tool Oracle yang berhubungan dengan networking.
4. Application DeveloperTugas Application Developer adalah mendesain dan mengimplementasikan suatu aplikasi database. Tanggung jawabnya meliputi :- Mendesain dan dan membangun aplikasi database.- Mendesain struktur database untuk aplikasi yang akan dibangun.- Memberikan informasi kepada Administrator tentang besarnya ruang penyimpan yang digunakan dan modifikasi struktur database jika diperlukan.- Menyediakan fasilitas keamanan dalam aplikasi yang dibangun.
5. Application AdministratorTugasnya adalah melakukan hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan administrasi pada aplikasi yang dibuat.
6. Database UserTugasnya melakukan interaksi dengan database melalui applikasi yang sudah dibuat sesuai dengan hak-nya dan membuat report dari hasil interaksi yang sudah dia lakukan.
Oracle merupakan salah satu perusahaan TI terkemuka di dunia. Anda mungkin sudah pernah mengenal Oracle melalui produk RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) mereka yaitu Oracle Database. Tulisan kali ini kana membahas secara global mengenai apa itu Oracle Database. Cocok bagi pemula yang mungkin belum mengenal Oracle Database. Sampai tulisan ini diturunkan, versi Oracle Database terakhir adalah versi 10g.

Nama : Microsoft Visual Fox ProDeveloper : Microsoft CorporationRilis Terakhir : Visual Fox Pro 9.0 SP 2Deskripsi Singkat :
Microsoft Visual Fox Pro adalah salah satu bahasa pemrograman prosedural dan bahasa pemrograman berorientasi objek yang dikembangkan oleh Microsoft. Software ini dimulai dari FoxPro (FoxBASE) yang awalnya dikembangkan oleh Fox Technology pada 1984.Fox Technology kemudian bergabung dengan Microsoft pada 1992.Awalnya Foxpro dapat berjalan pada sistem operasi Mac OS, DOS, Windows, dan UNIX (2.6 Version) tapi pada perkembangannya (3.0 Version) hanya mampu berjalan pada Mac OS dan Windows saja, bahkan pada versi-versi berikutnya hanya berjalan pada Windows saja.

Nama : dBaseDeveloper : Ashton-Tate setelah dibeli Borland mengganti namanya dengan dataBased Intelligence, Inc.Deskripsi singkat :
dBase adalah perkembangan pertama dari pemakaian Sistem Manajemen Database untuk komputer, dipublikasikan oleh Ashton-Tate untuk CP/M dan kemudian untuk Apple II, Mcintosh, UNIX, VMS dan IBM PC. Perkembangan dBAse terlalu lama sehingga nmengakibatkan para saingan mereka seperti Visual Foxpro, Microsoft Acces, berkembang lebih baik kepada para pemakainya.Ashton-Tate dibeli oleh Borlan pada tahun 1991 yang setelah itu produk yang diciptakan bernaung dibawah dBase Inc. Pada tahun 2004, dBase Inc mengubah namanya menjadi dataBased Intelligence, Inc.

Nama : DB2Developer : IBMDeskripsi singkat :
DB2 adalah produk Sistem Manajemen Hubungan Database dari IBM atau sekarang yang populer disebut Data Server yang dimana merupakan Perangkat Lunak Manajemen Informasi. Kebanyakan DB2 disebut juga sebagai DB2 Enterprise Server Edition atau top of the line DB2 DAta Warehouse Edition (DB2 DWE) yang berjalan pada Unix, Windows dan Linux Server.

Nama : Microsoft AccessDeveloper : MicrosoftDeskripsi singkat :
Microsoft Access atau Microsoft Office Access adalah program aplikasi dari Microsoft yang ditujukan untuk kalangan rumahan atau perusahaan kecil menengah. Microsoft Access menggunakan mesin basis data Microsoft Jet Database Access Engine. Microsoft mengeluarkan versi terbaru dari Microsoft Access yaitu Microsoft Access 2007.

Nama : IngresDeveloper : Ingres CorporationLink : www.ingres.com
Ingres adalah software Sistem Manajemen Basis Data komersial yang bebas (open source). Ingres pertama kali memulai proyek ristenya di Universitas California, Berkeley. pada awal tahun 70′ an. Sejak pertengahan 1980, Ingres mulai bersaing dengan aplikasi databasekomersial lainnya seperti Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, NonStop SQL dan lain-lainnya.

Nama : Microsoft SQL ServerDeveloper : MicrosoftLink : www.microsoft.com/sqlMacam Edisi : SQL Server Compact Edition (SQL CE), SQL Server Express Edition, SQL Server Workgroup Edition, SQL Server Standart Edition, SQL Server Enterprise Edition, SQL Server Developer Edition.Deskripsi singkat :
Microsoft SQL Server adalah program Sistem Manajemen Dasis Data Relasional. Susunan dari Microsoft SQL Server dibagi menjadi tiga komponen. SQL OS yang melakukan layanan utama pada SQL Server, misalnya mengatur aktifitas, pengaturan memori, dan pengaturan Input/Output; Relational Engine yang bekerja sebagai penghubung komponen database, tabel, query, dan perintah tersimpan dan Protocol Layer yang mengatur fungsi-fungsi SQL Server.

Nama : OracleDeveloper : Orace CorporationDeskripsi Singkat :
Oracle adalah salah satu software sistem manajemen basis data relasional yang cukup diminati, dikenal, dan dipakai saat ini. Versi terbaru dari Oracle adalah Oracle 11g.Software ini biasa digunakan untuk pengaksesan data yang dilakukan secara online.

Nama : MySQLDeveloper : MySQL ABVersi Terakhir : 5.0.41 (Mei 2007)Link : www.mysql.comDeskripsi singkat :
My SQL adalah perangkat lunak sistem manajemen basis data yang diciptkan untuk dapat dilakukan instalasi secara gratis (open source). Hingga saat ini MySQL telah lebih dari 6 juta instalasi.
DBMS lain2 : Arago, Force,dbFast, dbXL, Quicksilver, Clipper, Xbase++, Flagship, Codebase, Harbour/XHarbour